Everything about Opacity Optics totally explained
Opacity is the measure of impenetrability to
electromagnetic or other kinds of radiation, especially visible
light. In
radiative transfer, it describes the absorption and scattering of radiation in a medium, such as a
plasma,
dielectric,
shielding material, glass, etc. An opaque object is neither
transparent (allowing all light to pass through) nor
translucent (allowing some light to pass through). When light strikes an interface between two substances, in general some may be reflected, some absorbed, some scattered, and the rest transmitted (also see
refraction). An opaque substance transmits very little light, and therefore reflects, scatters, or absorbs most of it. Both
mirrors and
carbon black are opaque. Opacity depends on the
frequency of the light being considered. For instance, some kinds of
glass, while transparent in the
visual range, are largely opaque to
ultraviolet light. More extreme frequency-dependence is visible in the
absorption lines of cold
gases. In general, a material tends to emit light in the same proportions as it absorbs it.
Definition
The opacity
gives the rate of absorption (or
extinction), which is the fraction of the intensity
, of the radiation that's absorbed or scattered per unit distance along a ray of propagation:
» ,
where λ is the
vacuum wavelength (not the wavelength of the EM wave in the material).
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